夏邑县火店南煤勘查区二2煤层煤质评价

夏邑县火店南煤勘查区位于夏邑县城东南25 km。通过对主要可采煤层二₂煤各指标的定量分析表明，勘查区二₂煤属半亮型煤，低灰、低挥发分、特低硫、较高软化温度灰和较高流动温度灰、特高热值的无烟煤三号和贫煤。贫煤可作气化、动力和民用煤；无烟煤除可作动力和民用外，块煤可作化工原料，经过一定加工，粉状煤可供高炉喷吹燃料。     

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution of CdWO4 through polar organic molecule modification

In this work, a polar molecule 4-mercaptobenzoic acid (4-MBA) is anchored on the surface of CdWO₄ by forming CdS and WS bond. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is significantly enhanced (about 3.41 times) after the modification. The reason is due to the modification of 4-MBA, which results in a polar surface and built-in electric field. The polar surface is confirmed by the steady state and time-resolved PL spectra, V_oc and SHG results.     

1D ZnFe2O4 nanorods coupled with plasmonic Ag,Ag2S nanoparticles and Co-Pi cocatalysts for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting

Improving the absorption of visible light, accelerating the separation of carries and reducing the recombination of electron-hole pairs are critical to enhance photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of ZnFe₂O₄. Herein, the ZnFe₂O₄/Ag/Ag₂S films are firstly prepared with a photocurrent density of 0.91 mA/cm² at 1.23 V vs. RHE, which is 9.10 times higher than that of pristine ZnFe₂O₄ (0.10 mA/cm² at 1.23 V vs. RHE). On the basis, Co-Pi cocatalyst is deposited on ZnFe₂O₄/Ag/Ag₂S to further optimize PEC performance of ZnFe₂O₄, the photocurrent density of ZnFe₂O₄/Ag/Ag₂S/Co-Pi is 1.18 mA/cm² at 1.23 V vs. RHE. The improved PEC performance of ZnFe₂O₄/Ag/Ag₂S/Co-Pi films could be attributed to: (i) fast transmission of electron-hole pairs owing to 1D ZnFe₂O₄ NRs; (ii) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag nanoparticles; (ⅲ) visible light absorption is improved by sensitization of Ag₂S nanoparticles; (ⅳ) Co-Pi cocatalyst decreases the recombination of electron-hole pairs by capturing holes. This work provides new insights for metal plasmas, sensitizers and cocatalysts synergistically modify photoanodes for efficient PEC water splitting.     

Highly broadband plasmonic Cu film modified Cu2O/TiO2 nanotube arrays for efficient photocatalytic performance

To develop an efficient photocatalyst electrode for solar energy harvesting and photocatalysis application in the visible region, broadband plasmonic Cu film combined with Cu₂O/TiO₂ nanotube arrays heterojunction (Cu film/Cu₂O/TiNT) has been successfully fabricated by anodization combined with electrodeposition method. Interestingly, linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy reveal that the combined consequence of both Cu film and Cu₂O in the as-synthesized ternary composite considerably enhances light absorption in the visible spectral. This activity is attributed to the more efficient charge separation/transportation and the presence of Cu film with strong plasmon resonance (SPR) effect. Moreover, the combined effects of both Cu film and Cu₂O on TiNT approved highest catalytic current density and highest photocatalytic activity on methylene blue (MB). The efficiency and the rate of MB photodegradation over the Cu film/Cu₂O/TiNT were found to be triple compared to TiNT. Within only 30 min of reaction time, the photodegradation of MB reaches nearly 100%.     

Sn-induced CuO–CeO2 catalysts with improved performance for CO preferential oxidation in H2-rich streams

Sn modified CuO–CeO₂ catalysts with different Sn loadings were prepared by a facile, green and solvent-free method. The effect of Sn/Ce ratio over Sn–Cu–Ce-x (x = 0, 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5) samples on CO activity and O₂ selectivity was investigated. The samples were characterized by various techniques using N₂-adsorption/desorption, XRD, H₂-TPR, XPS, Raman and in-situ DRIFTS. It was revealed that stronger interaction between acitve sites and support, higher amounts of Sn²⁺ and Ce³⁺, associated with increased amount of oxygen vacancies, were observed on the catalyst of Sn–Cu–Ce-5. As a result, the optimized catalyst displayed an excellent catalytic performance even in the presence of CO₂ and H₂O. In this sense, probing the Sn modified CuO–CeO₂ catalyst can elucidate some useful keys for the development of high CO₂ and H₂O-resistance catalyst during CO-preferential oxidation in H₂-rich streams.     

Surface controlled synthesis of Cu2FeSnS4 particles for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction

Cu₂FeSnS₄ (CFTS) particles are synthesized using different surfactants such as thioglycolic acid (TGA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) via the solution process. The effect of surfactants on crystal structure, morphology, elemental composition, and electrocatalytic properties of CFTS particles are investigated. CFTS particles with a better crystalline phase are obtained in PVP (surfactant), while impurity phases are observed in TGA and PVA (surfactants). The morphology of CFTS is significantly changed when a different surfactant is used in the synthesis process. The mixture of aggregate and porous (1 μm) particles is observed when PVA is used as a surfactant to synthesize CFTS particles. At the same time, highly porous particles having nanosheets and nanoparticles at the surface are obtained in the case of PVP. In the TGA case, spherical particles with 1 μm size are observed. The electrocatalytic ability of all CFTS particles toward hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) is studied in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte. The overpotential of PVP-based CFTS particles is the lowest as ƞ = 421 mV at 10 mA/cm² compared to the other two samples. CFTS particles synthesized using PVP exhibit enhanced electro-catalytic performance due to higher surface area.     

Novel porous carbon felt cathode modified by cyclic voltammetric electrodeposited polypyrrole and anthraquinone 2-sulfonate for an efficient electro-Fenton process

A novelty two-step synthesized porous carbon felt (PCF) cathode modified by cyclic voltammetric (CV) electrodeposited polypyrrole (Ppy) and anthraquinone 2-sulfonate (AQS) (PCF/Ppy/AQS) for an efficient electro-Fenton process has been investigated. Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements verified the three-dimensional porous structure of the PCF, revealing that the specific surface area was approximately 2.5 times higher than that of the bare carbon felt (CF), which ensured more active sites available for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In addition, the electrodeposited Ppy decreases the charge transfer resistance (R_ct) of the PCF cathode. AQS, a type of anthraquinone that can serve as an oxygen reduction catalyzer, could accelerate the ORR process and subsequently improve the performance of the electro-Fenton system. Rotating disk electrode (RDE) analysis confirmed that the ORR catalyzed by AQS was a double-electron reduction process, which contributed to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation. The removal efficiency of total organic carbon (TOC) from Rhodamine B (RhB) could reach 51% within 1 h in the electro-Fenton system equipped with the PCF/Ppy/AQS, resulting in an improvement of approximately 24% compared with the bare CF cathode without porous treatment. The cycle experiment showed a good stability of the PCF/Ppy/AQS cathode. Additionally, the possible mechanism of degradation process in the electro-Fenton equipped with the PCF/Ppy/AQS cathode was proposed based on the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis and quenching experiment. The novel fabricated PCF/Ppy/AQS provides an alternative as a high-efficiency cathode, yielding energy savings in the electro-Fenton system.     

Pre-activation of SBA-15 intermediate barriers with Pd nuclei to increase thermal and mechanical resistances of pore-plated Pd-membranes

Thermal and mechanical resistances of palladium composite membranes prepared by Electroless Pore-Plating (ELP-PP) and containing SBA-15 as intermediate layer were improved by doping the silica material with Pd nuclei before its incorporation on the composite membrane. Textural properties of synthesized SBA-15 materials (both raw and doped ones) were analyzed by XRD, N₂ adsorption-desorption at 77 K and TEM, while the main properties of the composite membrane were determined by SEM and gravimetric analyses. Moreover, membrane permeation tests were also carried out with pure gases, hydrogen and nitrogen, and binary mixtures of them at temperature of 400 °C and pressure driving forces in the range of 0.5–2.5 bar. The use of bare SBA-15 intermediate layer leads to the appearance of cracks on the Pd layer during permeation experiments at high temperature. In contrast, the use of Pd-doped SBA-15 particles avoids this problem, thus improving both thermal and mechanical resistances of the composite ELP-PP Pd-membrane. Following this preparation method, an estimated Pd thickness of 7.1 μm was obtained, reaching a hydrogen permeance of 3.81·10^?4 mol s^?1 m^?2 Pa^?0.5 and ensuring an ideal H₂/N₂ separation factor higher than 2550 at 400 °C.     

Experimental investigation on the effect of surface characterization of electrodes on the gas bubble dynamics in electrolyte flow and performance of FLA batteries by using PIV

In the flooded lead_acid batteries (FLAB), gas bubbles are initially formed on the surface of the electrodes, which are produced by electrochemical reactions, and then released into the electrolyte. In the present investigation, the effect of surface characterization of electrodes of FLAB on the gas bubble dynamic parameters in the electrolyte flow at different charging/discharging rates (C-rates) are studied utilizing particle image velocimetry (PIV) method. The results show that the capacity of FLAB have a linear behav-ior due to changes in each of the two parameters of the surface characterization of electrodes and the C-rate. At all State of charges (SOCs) of FLAB cells in different tests, increasing average roughness (Ra) and average wavelength of the roughness (ka) in the electrode surfaces, results in an increase in average bub-ble diameter and bubble rising velocity. Nevertheless, a sharp decrease in the void fraction of bubbles within the electrolyte was observed due to the increment in ka and Ra. Also, the effect of the rising move-ment of gas bubbles within the electrolyte on the average electrolyte velocity pattern in the gap between the electrodes by changing the surface characterization of electrodes are investigated in detail.     

蒸汽爆破技术在小茴香秸秆薄片中的应用

利用蒸汽爆破法对小茴香秸秆进行处理，研究爆破前后小茴香秸秆常规化学成分和纤维形态的变化及爆破小茴香秸秆对烟草薄片感官品质的影响。结果表明，在蒸汽爆破压力为1.0 MPa、保压时间3 min的处理条件下，小茴香秸秆纤维出现明显破坏现象，综纤维素和半纤维素含量的降幅分别达到8.1%和15.8%；蒸汽爆破处理有利于小茴香秸秆的打浆及加工生产薄片，可提高产品感官品质。